They do this usually by inspecting the input fields or logging the users keystrokes by other means.
Then theres ad-blocking, which makes up some of the Chrome Web Stores top extensions.
This functionality involves removing elements from the page and requires the same permissions as spell-checkers.

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“Ad blockers like uBlock Origin are extremely popular and typically have access to every page a user visits.
One such recent step Bobrov points out is Google’sManifest V3.
However, he adds that on the downside, Manifest V3 has been criticized for severely hampering ad-blockers.

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“Some of these changes are encompassed in Google’s Manifest V3.
However, none of these changes dramatically alter the permissions available to extensions. "

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